The Right Connectivity
Networking

Choosing the Right Connectivity: Wired vs. Wireless Networks

At one time, wired networks were ubiquitous and shaped a core definition of the internet. But since the advent of Wi-Fi in the late nineties, many companies have adopted a wireless local area network (LAN) to transmit data. Both wired and wireless networks have their advantages and disadvantages, which every business should weigh.


Wi-Fi Network Characteristics

A Wi-Fi network relies on wireless radio signals to transmit data from one device to another. Some of the top reasons businesses choose Wi-Fi are because it's convenient and accommodates mobile users. That's why establishments such as hotels, cafes and coffee shops provide free Wi-Fi hotspots for their patrons. Offering free Wi-Fi is a modern way to attract a loyal following.

Wi-Fi simplifies online communication, without worrying about wires. Joining a Wi-Fi network is as simple as clicking a network choice and entering a password. Part of the beauty of a wireless system is that wires don't take up space or look like an ugly tangled up mess. Don't forget cables can be expensive. Wireless transmission allows for more flexibility and mobility in the workplace instead of being tied to a wired computer at a desk.

Part of the appeal of Wi-Fi networks is they are easy to set up in a matter of minutes since there are no cables to install. But it's still important to position the router in a certain way so that there aren't sound barriers in the signal's path. Certain materials such as metal or concrete can block sound waves from passing through walls, causing connectivity problems. But if your workplace doesn't have such sound barriers, Wi-Fi can be a reliable solution.

Another reason Wi-Fi is favored for business networks is that it creates a productive atmosphere, since it facilitates collaboration. Teams are able to work from remote locations on mobile devices. Ultimately, Wi-Fi reduces IT costs when you consider it doesn't require expensive hardware or wiring. You still need to replace the router about every five years, but there are plenty of affordable routers to choose from.

Types of Wireless Networks

  1. Centralized - The most widely deployed type of wireless network is centralized. It's typically based in a central location with wireless users located in close proximity. College campuses commonly use this approach.
  2. Converged - Small organizations often use the converged network approach, which combines wired and wireless connections. In this scenario, an access switch serves as a wireless controller.
  3. Cloud-based - The cloud is used to manage network devices in different locations. This solution provides full visibility of the network.
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Reasons Wired Networks are Still Here

Wired networks should not be viewed as dinosaurs since they still serve a valuable purpose. At this time, wired connections are generally much more reliable than wireless connections. Even high-quality devices on wireless networks with high-speed connections can experience latency. The introduction of 5G networks, though, promises to provide more seamless internet experiences due to faster speed and wider coverage.

Another reason many businesses still use wired connections is the belief they are more secure than wireless networks. Recent cybersecurity advancements, however, have made wireless just as secure as wired networks. At the same, no cybersecurity system is completely foolproof against hackers.

Despite its reliability, a wired network still has drawbacks that have led to the mobile revolution. In a wired network, the computers are meant to be stationary, which limits the freedom an individual enjoys when they move around and talk on a smartphone.

One industry that still heavily relies on wired networks is stock trading. It's imperative for traders to stay connected with live streaming market data consistently during a trading session. A big part of trading success is executing a trade at the right time. If the connection goes bad at this time, it can cost the trader money. That's why it's common for professional traders to sit at desks with their eyes glued to wired desktops.

Deciding Between Wired and Wireless Networks

There's no reason to view wired and wireless networks as competing with each other. Some companies implement hybrid solutions to include both. Unless you've invested in new technology, wired networks typically are still much faster and have less latency issued than wireless networks. You're less likely to lose a connection or experience interference on a wired network.

One of your main considerations should be maintenance. How much time do you plan on spending with IT oversight? Wired networks require more routine maintenance to ensure machines are communicating with each other effectively.

If checking configurations and connections from time to time doesn't sound appealing, consider outsourcing to experienced IT specialists. On the other hand, setting up a wireless network doesn't require as much maintenance. It still helps to hire IT support for a wireless network, especially if it involves multiple remote workers.

Deploying a wireless network is essential if your business emphasizes a bring-your-own-device (BYOD) policy. This strategy has helped many small businesses shave the costs of investing in hardware. Instead of purchasing and servicing a roomful of desktops, a company saves money when the entire staff brings their own mobile devices and connects with Wi-Fi.

Be aware that if you choose a wireless network, it may be less secure than a wired network. While there are innovative and expensive new cybersecurity solutions for wireless, you still have to implement a robust data protection plan that goes beyond firewalls and antivirus software. That's another reason why businesses outsource to IT consultants. Without a multi-layered security plan, any network is vulnerable to hackers.

Conclusion

The decision to invest in wired or wireless networking comes down to how you want to structure your business. Understanding the pros and cons of wired and wireless networks can help you decide on one or both systems for your operation.

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Satellite Commercialization
Internet Of Things

How Commercialization of Satellite IoT is Creating Market Opportunities

Satellite communications (SATCOM) has existed for decades in space, but now it enters a new phase of satellite IoT. The use of sensors in space to monitor activities on Earth is building a new economy. Here are ways IoT SATCOM is opening up new markets for adventurous enterprises.


Mixing IoT with Satellite Technology

The concept of satellite IoT is an outgrowth of Internet of Things (IoT) proliferation, in which the tech industry has found increasing ways to digitize the environment. IoT data is transmitted to databases and mobile devices all over the world, thanks to the blanketing of the planet with IoT sensors.

More than two-thirds of the current global population uses a cell phone, which accounts for over 5 billion people, according to DataReportal. Meanwhile, nearly the same amount of people use the internet daily. The advent of 5G internet will expand internet coverage even further. It will particularly help residents in rural areas gain better connectivity. By 2024, the number of 5G subscriptions in the world is expected to reach 1.5 billion.

At this point, about 2.7 million devices connect to the internet via satellite, as reported by EMEA Satellite Operator's Association. These devices are used for monitoring the environment, military, aviation, infrastructure and shipping. The ramp up for space IoT is expected to grow by eight times in the next few years, as this technology is poised for commercialization later in the decade.

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Due to the expansion of satellite IoT technology in space, launching a space IoT service will be affordable for many companies in the future. For this reason, SATCOM will be among the first markets developed in space. The industry has multiple untapped markets to fill, especially since cellular communication services currently only cover 15 percent of the planet.

Many different types of businesses will consider investing in advanced internet through satellite technology. While satellite internet currently has connectivity and latency issues in cloudy or stormy weather, satellite internet of the future will be more stable and seamless. It will inspire countless businesses to use satellite IoT for improving safety and production. Analytics are driving all industries toward better data collection and real-time system monitoring with IoT sensors.


Rise of Space Networks

Space networks will be shaped by the development of Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) such as LoRa and SigFox. These networks are designed to have low consumption costs and high reliability for space connectivity. The LoRa network is currently facilitating most satellite IoT services, but in the future, more services will go through NarrowBand IoT (aka NB-IoT). This emerging space network aims to connect 90 percent of LPWAN systems in the future, according to Lux Research.

Not only does NB-IoT offer better coverage than other LPWAN networks with its symmetrical channel bandwidth, but it also supports a multitude of devices. NB-IoT, which is designed to service IoT devices with weak coverage, is ideal for transmitting small amounts of data over long time periods. This wide-range cellular standard will help lower costs for device operation and power consumption. It already integrates well with GSM and LTE systems.

The coverage range of NB-IoT will expand even further when integrated with existing software-defined radio communication devices on small satellites known as smallsats. The smallsat market already contributes to aviation communications and crop harvesting. It also helps extend internet coverage to rural and other remote areas.


Major Satellite IoT Turning Points

The SATCOM market has been steadily reaching new milestones each year. In 2020, the market size was $737 million, which is a fraction of what it's projected to be in the 2030s. Here are other recent developments that are setting the stage for the future of satellite IoT:


Key SATCOM Benefits

Companies that enter the SATCOM market will find plenty of demand for satellite IoT. Here are some of the ways it will improve society and businesses:

  • Wider use of sensors: Satellite IoT will make internet coverage ubiquitous on Earth. The most remote areas will have high-speed internet, creating an actual connected global village.
  • Transform infrastructure: Urban planners and local governments will have higher-quality connectivity to facilitate smart infrastructure.
  • Growth of smart cities: Smart technology will improve cities on many levels, such as real-time rerouting to manage traffic congestion.
  • More reliable connectivity: Future 5G mobile satellite services will offer faster data transmission speeds and more reliable coverage.
  • Lower cost: Mobile satellite services will help cut internet costs around the world.
  • Easy integration: IoT technology developed for the SATCOM market will be designed for easy integration with existing and future carrier systems


Outlook for the Satellite IoT Market

The satellite IoT market already consists of major players in top industries. Some of the early adopting industries for commercializing SATCOM include defense, energy, transportation and healthcare. Utilities, farms and other large facilities are expected to invest billions of dollars in the satellite IoT market over the next decade. Overall, the satellite IoT market is expected to reach $6.14 billion by 2031, according to Transparency Market Research.

A key driver to global satellite IoT growth is existing growth and new innovations in wireless technology. Satellite IoT already serves a growing market for security sensors placed throughout large complexes. It fills in gaps that the traditional infrastructure of cellular technology fails to reach. Demand is rising for satellite IoT to serve areas where cellular coverage is weak or nonexistent.

SATCOM will play a major role in agriculture going forward, as it can be used to find areas of the globe where growing crops is ideal. It will lead to a system for offsetting droughts and other environmental disruptions that threaten agriculture. Farmers will have more powerful digital tools to measure environmental conditions involving soil, air and water. Thanks to the spread of sensors on Earth that communicate with satellites in space, ideal harvesting will be within reach.

Companies that have already taken the lead in SATCOM development include:

  • Iridium Communication
  • ORBCOMM
  • Inmarsat Global Limited
  • Globalstar
  • Airbus S.A.S.
  • Astrocast
  • Intelsat Corporation

North America is on pace to be the leading global market in satellite technology, which will encourage wider international adoption. Not only are satellites widely embraced by logistics firms, but they could also help ease supply chain bottlenecks in the future.


Conclusion

Today, there are already over ten billion internet devices on the planet and in space. By 2030, there will be exponentially more, as the satellite IoT era begins and the boundaries between Earth and space dissolve. Wireless communication will travel through space at lightning speed, reaching the most remote places on the globe. Keep yourself up to date on the exciting development of commercial SATCOM.

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Satellite Technologies
Aerospace

How Enterprises are Evolving with Satellite Technologies

The development of satellite technologies is gaining momentum with help from private investors, as many industrial companies see its revenue opportunities. Counting cars in retail store parking lots from space, for example, provides a competitive edge for investors who evaluate consumer trends. Here are some of the ways enterprises benefit from embracing satellite imagery in their business models.


Investing in Space Development

At one time, satellite technologies were funded strictly by governments for developing military and civilian projects, which took long blocks of time to achieve. Development on the Global Positioning System (GPS) began in 1973 but wasn't unleashed to the public until 2000. This lengthy development could be attributed to government budget constraints. NASA's budget has declined as a percentage of the federal budget since the sixties.

Large corporations do not face the same financial constraints as governments that must divide funds among a multitude of emergencies, social programs and corporate subsidies. The share of investors entering space development has surged this century due to transmission advancements and lower costs of satellites. This interest from the private sector has culminated in satellite constellations towering above earth.

These clusters of satellites were made possible from enterprises pooling resources. Increasing private funding has helped lower the costs of launching and operating satellites. The growth of satellite constellations now creates a competitive environment for businesses to build assets in space. Satellites are extremely useful for photographing the earth and monitoring activity. It opens up a market for selling high-quality images from space.

Space truly is the final frontier for financial interests. It's a barely tapped goldmine that solves many problems people on earth cannot. Many well-funded companies see the potential for skyrocketing profits from the combination of IoT devices, AI, automation and advanced satellite imaging systems.

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Analyzing Satellite Imagery

One way a company can profit off the current space race is to get low-cost images from satellites and sell them to people who otherwise don't have access to them. Businesses can get useful insights on markets by studying aerials. Agricultural firms can use the data to determine which areas enjoy the best crop development in the age of climate change.

Analysis of satellite imagery is emerging as an industry that can help a wide range of businesses. The addition of artificial intelligence (AI) such as machine learning technology can make this analysis more comprehensive and powerful. This system can identify aircraft and other objects in the sky. In the future, the sky will be populated with delivery drones that are tracked by satellite. There will also be a need to track construction projects from cameras in space.


Important Applications of Satellite Imagery

Today's satellites serve many purposes. Here are some of the most game-changing uses of satellite imagery:

  • Urban planning - With urban expansion comes environment protection issues, such as preserving parks and other areas of scenic beauty. Green preservation improves quality of life for a community. So satellite imagery can play a huge role in helping urban planners identify areas for preservation and development. It will help them monitor landscapes, gardens and forests to gauge wildlife and other aspects of the environment.
  • Tracking environmental elements - Cleaning and protecting the environment will become more efficient with the help of satellite images. Waste management companies will be able to scan areas for abandoned trash. Recyclers can use satellite images to locate scattered materials. The more trash is removed from communities, the more it will raise morale and beautify cities. It can also help local officials evaluate waste management sites. Satellites will further provide tracking of carbon emissions.
  • Infrastructure monitoring - There are various facets of modern infrastructure that can be measured and monitored with satellite technology. Railway construction contractors can benefit in several ways studying aerial photos from different angles. Satellite imagery will be helpful for any type of land development, such as surveying land for existing vegetation and conditions for restoring vegetation. Adding machine learning software and automation to the equation creates an even more powerful resource for forecasting land development.
  • Forecasting natural disasters - Another huge contribution satellite imagery will offer society is that it will help predict natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes. Satellite cameras integrated with machine learning software can provide alerts on developing climate events. Improved forecasting of disasters will help airlines and railways with scheduling and routing. Rescue teams will be better prepared to overcome the challenges posed by disasters.
  • Airport mapping - The layout of a new airport can be designed with greater precision with the help of satellite, AI and machine learning technology. These images can further be used for 3D modeling of the airspace and terrain. Airport facility mapping will improve immensely with satellite images providing accurate maps for taxi and shuttle drivers. These maps will be particularly useful for training new drivers the route to follow. More detailed airport mapping will help identify environmental problems.


Where Commercial Satellite Imaging is Headed

The commercial satellite imaging market is expected to reach over $7 billion by 2027, according to Mordor Intelligence. This growth will impact several industries such as military, construction, logistics, energy and forestry. Demand for imagery-based data will grow, creating new revenue opportunities for space agencies. Governments beyond the United States, such as Australia, also support the development of commercial space projects.

Satellite images are useful to companies that secure energy resources, as well as businesses that engage in mapping. They can also be valuable during a crisis, such as for rescue teams to locate people in disaster areas. Forestry officials can use the images to locate forest fires faster and mitigate damage. Various defense initiatives will contribute to the market growth of satellite imagery, as it will help track enemies and threats through geospatial mapping. Ultimately, it will speed up military decisions.

The reason North America is expected to be the fastest growing market is because it has already invested the most in satellite research and development. The United States currently controls over half of the 4,852 active satellites orbiting the earth, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists. Defense organizations investing in surveillance technology have played a key role in the expansion of satellites.

American aerospace company SpaceX currently accounts for nearly a quarter of all space launches. Other U.S. firms that have secured government space contracts include BlackSky, Maxar Technologies and Planet Labs. Some of the leaders in satellite imagery include L3Harris Technologies, Galileo Group and SpaceKnow. Not only are foreign governments and corporations becoming more interested in space commerce, so are consumers.


Conclusion

The commercialization of images from space is already underway, thanks to increasing private investment in satellite technologies. While most of the players in this field are large organizations, satellite constellations are growing to facilitate a diverse range of businesses that want to capitalize on space commerce opportunities.

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Success in IoT
Internet Of Things

Practical Steps to Take to Achieve Success in IoT

One of the biggest challenges for businesses today is to experience IoT success. It's very difficult to pull off unless you work with seasoned IoT experts who understand how to properly deploy smart technology. Here's a look at the factors that lead to a successful IoT implementation.


Establish an IoT Roadmap

The most common path to IoT failure is to start working on the project without a roadmap. You need to follow the traditional process of carefully planning a major deployment with specific details. Rushing into IoT deployment without proper planning and team coordination will likely culminate in a wasteful disaster.


Use Single-board Computers (SBCs)

A major key to IoT success is choosing the right hardware that will easily integrate with new software developments in the future. A modern IoT system should be able to facilitate automation and machine learning. Many companies have been successful using single-board computers as the foundation for their IoT deployment.

At one time SBCs started as educational tools, then evolved into ready-to use-platforms for IoT development. A huge benefit to SBCs is they provide high performance and low power consumption at the same time.

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Build System Modules

Smart technology is meant to be flexible with the capability of easy integration with other devices. One way to achieve these goals is to build an IoT ecosystem with small modules. You can add new modules that expand functions on existing devices. A module-based infrastructure helps with long-term budgeting for technology. Modules can be added as needed, which simplifies scalability.


Explore Off-the-Shelf IoT Products

Off-the-shelf means the opposite of custom-made and instead exists as mass-produced inventory available for consumers to purchase. When it comes to IoT products, it's helpful for businesses to experiment with off-the-shelf products to learn about their efficiencies and deficiencies. It allows you to find market holes to fill for improving IoT development.


Customize Silicon Designs

You should also be aware of IoT developers who are capable of customizing products to suit your unique business model. Customization for any aspect of business can be a factor that sets a company apart from competitors. But it's also more complex to build an IoT system from scratch or without a model to simulate, especially for short-term deadlines.


Become a Data-Centric Company

Steady adoption of IoT technology is harvesting a whole new world of data science, which is becoming a fundamental part of business. That's why it's important to become a data-centric company, especially if selling real-time data is part of your business model. But since not all data is equal, it's important to prioritize data based on how much it contributes to your company's success.

Data can be used in many ways that have yet to be explored. In order for data to be worth examining, it needs to serve some useful purpose. Too much useless data clutters a system, as it can drive up storage costs and waste server space. Prioritizing analytics is a building block to understanding your operation and your market better.

The reason real-time analytics have become monumentally important to many businesses is that this data gives clues as to what's working and what's not. Sensors measure performance and efficiency, which is knowledge that can tilt the organization toward greater profits. The more you know about what data reflects and which metrics matter most to your operation, the better position you'll be in to make your operation more efficient and profitable.


Strengthen Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity grows in importance every year, as cybercriminals find new ways to create online havoc. That's why no organization can afford to overlook cybersecurity as a top tech priority. Without strong cybersecurity, a network is destined to be hacked at some point. Anti-virus software alone only does so much and cannot be relied upon as a complete solution against cybercriminals.

Even though most Americans have read or heard news stories about cybercrime, there's still a sense that many businesses aren't too worried about it. Some managers are so overly excited about what smart technology can do that they forget what it cannot do. Even though it can detect cybercriminals, it cannot guarantee stopping them.

IoT devices that are "always on" raise concerns about data protection. Hackers regularly spy on businesses to find data they can steal, even if they have no idea what it's used for. Personal and business data is regularly stolen and resold on the dark web. One of the problems with installing thousands of IoT devices in an infrastructure is that each one needs to be tested for data protection.


Unify Team Members

When deploying IoT devices, it's crucial that your team is well-coordinated and can communicate in real time with members. By logging team efforts in real time, members can check to see what deployment actions have been taken to avoid redundancy. IT technicians need to be aware of what other team members have already accomplished.

Team cohesion is a necessary aspect of successful IoT deployment because so many things can go wrong with such a complex project. If an IoT device is configured inappropriately, it can generate misleading data. Each team member working on IoT deployment must have a deep knowledge of the steps involved with installing sensors. Some factories use thousands of sensors, making it incredibly difficult to ensure all components are configured correctly.


Conclusion

Use these keys to IoT success as part of your IoT roadmap. Without a roadmap or proper planning, deployment of smart sensors can be a disaster. Make sure you do it right the first time so you don't have to pay for it twice.

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Successful Deployments
Internet Of Things

Don’t Let Your IoT Projects Fail! Here’s How to Make Your IoT Deployments Successful

IoT Deployments Need Careful Planning and Execution, Not Rush Jobs
Businesses are increasingly going more digital because they realize it's no longer much of a choice. IoT deployments are part of this digital transformation, but not all smart technology lives up to its name. Rushing IoT projects is a mistake that can lead to a snowball effect of multiple misfortunes, so it's best to put plenty of time into planning and executing IoT projects. Many businesses turn to tech consultants to minimize the complications that come with digital transformation.


Why IoT Systems Fail

Not all IoT deployments are successful, as some companies have dealt with hundreds of failed attempts to digitize parts of their infrastructure. According to Beecham Research, 58 percent of businesses surveyed said their IoT projects were unsuccessful, while only 12 percent boasted complete success.

IoT technology is about delivering valuable operational data in real time. Even though IoT has come a long way in a short time, it still presents deficiencies in certain applications. Poor planning and weak execution are two major factors for IoT system failures.

One of the keys for businesses to overcome major IoT challenges is to envision resilience through a complex transformation. It's important to realize IoT is still in its infancy and it has limitations, especially when it comes to cheaper products. The medical industry has succeeded with going wireless and digital because it contracts with advanced companies that design high-quality electronic products. Local governments have also invested in advanced technology to design "smart cities."

Many companies have set up their new infrastructures so that all data goes to a database in the cloud. But if they lack a filtering system to weed out spam and unnecessary data, the system can get cluttered with a mix of useful and useless big data. That's where an IT consultant can offer direction on steps to minimize the storage of useless data, as well as other proactive measures to improve efficiency.

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Reasons Why IoT Deployment Isn't Simple

Shifting to a digital infrastructure implanted with IoT devices is easier said than done, even for seasoned technicians. There are many technical challenges involved, which is why companies outsource to IT experts. Typical software programmers specialize in certain programming languages, but many are not up to date on developing IoT software. So you shouldn't just hire any software developer for your projects.

One of the main reasons to deploy an IoT device is to generate real-time data that can be used to make quick, actionable decisions. If network resources get strained, data transmission might slow down. With medical devices, hospitals need data to transmit in real time, which requires an investment in robust networking. Companies that try to cut corners by buying cheaper but less reliable technology can face serious complaints during network bottlenecks.

A major complexity involved with IoT deployment is getting systems to work with a multitude of components. Another problem with IoT is that it can't replace humans completely, so it needs to be downplayed as a job-destroyer. The problem with CTOs and CIOs who haven't learned much yet about smart technology is they can mislead their companies into either jumping in too fast or resisting IoT completely.

Cybersecurity is another complex issue that involves creating several layers of security, otherwise IoT sensors can be compromised by hackers. Even the most sophisticated cybersecurity systems can be vulnerable to a technically-skilled cybercriminal. Your company data can be exploited in many ways by nefarious players of the dark web. So you need an experienced IT team to handle the difficult tasks of digital transformation.


Sensors Spread Globally

The growth of IoT sensors around the world is expected to be exponential over the next decade. With data expansion comes deeper responsibilities of protecting the data from getting into the wrong hands. In order to move forward with digital transformation, it's crucial for businesses to choose the right tech partner that keeps up with IoT and cybersecurity advancements.

Companies face major risks when they turn IoT projects over to young technicians who lack expertise in the field of smart technology. There are plenty of newbies who want to make money off new technology, but it's not really a job for a computer science graduate who is fresh out of college unless they have deep experience with IoT deployment.

The most common reasons businesses are adopting IoT are related to improving business efficiency, according to Beecham. Top reasons include strengthening safety and security, as well as cutting operational costs. Deploying IoT also enables new business models and opens the door for disruptive players to enter the market.

An interesting insight from Beecham's study is companies that experienced lack of cohesion during IoT deployment tended to see the project fail. Meanwhile, firms that sensed cohesion had a higher rate of success in deploying IoT devices. Lack of experience in communicating with different departments can cause friction in the deployment process. Different departments have different views on what types of data they want to monitor.

It's best to work with tech professionals who understand how to communicate technical language to different types of clients. When you rely on an in-house tech team that doesn't stay ahead of the curve on new tech developments, it can create roadblocks to implementing smart technology. But a third-party tech team that has worked with various businesses on digital transformation can deliver more reliable results and get the project successfully completed on schedule.


Conclusion

Network latency can happen even with modern IoT devices, which defeats the purpose of collecting real-time data. But the more you gain insights from tech experts, the more you'll balance price with quality when it comes to investing in new digital technology. It helps to work with tech professionals to learn more about IoT deployments and deeper information on digital transformation.

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Wireless Technologies
Networking

Understanding Wireless Technologies: Licensed vs. Unlicensed Spectrum

The science behind how wireless technologies move data through the air is based on radio waves. The airwaves are made possible by the electromagnetic spectrum, which occurs in nature, but is regulated by governments around the world to prevent operators from interfering with each other. Here's a look at the differences between licensed and unlicensed parts of the radio spectrum.


Understanding the Radio Spectrum

It's difficult for many people to understand what the electromagnetic spectrum is since it's usually not taught as part of people's regular education. Yet everyone knows what it's used for, such as radio, TV, and wireless internet.

This spectrum of energy contains all the frequencies that facilitate wireless technologies. Frequencies of energy waves can be broken down into vibrations or cycles per second, measured in Hertz (Hz). The further you move up the spectrum, the higher the number of vibrations per second, moving from kilohertz (KHz) to megahertz (MHz) to gigahertz (GHz). Different regions of the spectrum are called "bands."

In the kilohertz band are commercial AM radio signals, while FM radio and TV signals occupy the megahertz band. Wireless internet is higher up the spectrum in the gigahertz band. The radio spectrum is divided into licensed and unlicensed channels. Licensed channels are assigned by government to exclusive operators. Meanwhile, unlicensed channels are open for public use, but subject to regulations.


Licensed Spectrum

In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) oversees licensing of spectrum frequencies. The FCC sets the rules as to which parts of the spectrum can be licensed to commercial entities. Major cellphone carriers such as AT&T and Comcast own most of the licensed spectrum allocated for wide-area coverage in the gigahertz range. These owners can make special licensing available for clients to operate per-link or per-area, although it can be expensive.

A key advantage to using the licensed spectrum for wireless communication is the lack of congestion and minimal interference. A spectrum licensee can take legal action against parties that interfere with their transmission. Licensed frequencies allow for better technical performance compared with unlicensed frequencies. Mobile network operators (MNOs) are able to deploy cellular networks with more flexibility to manage interference between the base station transmitter and radio receivers.

The main disadvantage to using licensed frequencies is equipment costs are much more expensive than for unlicensed use of the spectrum. Usually, only large organizations are able to afford this option. The more licensed links the company purchases, the higher the costs. Due to how licensing is issued, it's necessary to hire an attorney to assist with licensing, which can add to expenses.

All AM and FM radio stations must obtain broadcast licenses to meet FCC requirements. The reason most people you know don't own radio stations is due to the regulatory red tape and costs involved. The FCC also requires licensing for low-power FM (LPFM) stations that serve small communities. Even amateur ham radio operators in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) range of 420-450 MHz must hold FCC licenses.


Unlicensed Spectrum

Beyond the frequencies allotted for commercial and public use, much of the entire spectrum is unlicensed. Wi-Fi operates in the unlicensed spectrum. Wireless ISP startups known as WISPs typically begin service with unlicensed frequencies and may grow to purchase licensed spectrum space when higher performance becomes an issue. A big difference with unlicensed frequencies is lower cost.

The use of unlicensed frequencies allows MNOs to spread out base stations for network cost-cutting, as there are no fees involved with using the unlicensed spectrum. The equipment doesn't have to be as expensive as for licensed broadcast stations.

But due to the performance limitations of unlicensed frequencies, users can be plagued with interference problems. While paying for a license greatly reduces interference issues, unlicensed users have to live with noise and dropouts caused by radio interference from other close-range unlicensed operators. It's important to note that prior to the federal government issuing radio licenses, early AM radio stations suffered from signal interference from other operators occupying nearby frequency bands.

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Heavily-populated areas present major problems for unlicensed spectrum users, but it's possible to co-exist in a crowded region of mobile operators. There are still regulations to meet, so it's not the complete wild west. Certain regions, for example, have restrictions on the amount of effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) that can be used.

Unlicensed users can make equipment adjustments to reduce transmitting power, which can reduce interfering with others on the same frequencies. Other strategies for avoiding interference include occupying higher frequency bands and using a strategy called frequency hopping, which involves selecting a specific block of frequencies.

Differences in Frequency Bands

The three primary frequency bands the FCC has assigned for unlicensed use are: 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, and 5.8 GHz. Use of these bands does not require filing with the FCC. All three bands support mesh networks and high-speed Ethernet interfaces.

The 900 MHz frequency provides the best coverage area compared with the GHz band. But it only offers a limited number of channels, which reduces the number of wireless networks that can operate in an area. Conversely, the 5.7 GHz frequency allows for the greatest number of available channels, but it requires antennas to be aligned in direct line of sight to achieve long distances.

Frequency allocation is important in the IoT age because most IoT devices currently operate on unlicensed spectrum bands. Companies seeking more reliable IoT transmission performance should consider purchasing use of licensed frequencies. If you own a license for specific frequency, no one without your permission is allowed to bleed over into your band, which can result in FCC fines.


Conclusion

While most of the radio spectrum is licensed to broadcast stations, the FCC allows a limited number of unlicensed frequencies for users of wireless technologies. But to avoid interference from other unlicensed spectrum users, it's beneficial and more reliable to use licensed frequencies.

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WiFi 7 is Coming
Networking

Wi-Fi 7 Is Coming: Here’s What You Need to Know

Since the introduction of Wi-Fi by the Wi-Fi Alliance, each new generation of wireless networking technology has been a major improvement, particularly in speed. While Wi-Fi 5 and 6 are still fairly new to many people, Wi-Fi 7 is being developed by Taiwan-based semiconductor company MediaTek. Here are interesting things to know about Wi-Fi 7 development.


What Is Wi-Fi 7?

The more technical name given to Wi-Fi 7 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is "Standard 802.11be." The industry expects this new standard to reach the consumer market by 2024. Wi-Fi 7 occupies the same parts of the spectrum as Wi-Fi 6/6e. Other companies besides MediaTek working on products for the new standard include chipmaker Qualcomm and developer Broadcom.

Qualcomm has been at the forefront of wireless technology for decades, adhering and contributing to standards while offering innovations in radio waveform design and advanced antenna architecture. The company has focused on designing nextgen products that make the digital experience more efficient. Not only has Qualcomm manufactured products that are compatible with the new standard, it aims to push the boundaries of what Wi-Fi 7 can do.

Broadcom announced in April 2022 sample availability for its new Wi-Fi 7 chipset for routers and other networking devices. The company's rush toward product development for the new standard was partly fueled by the pandemic and the need for faster connections.

Most businesses are not even ready for Wi-Fi 6, so it may be awhile before Wi-Fi 7 takes off. It's good to know what's up ahead in IT development so you can plan a technology roadmap and an appropriate budget. It helps to consult with tech professionals on upgrading your IT infrastructure.

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Importance of Following Wi-Fi Evolution

It's important for all businesses and consumers to be aware that much of today's technology will be outdated in the future. Since Wi-Fi began in the late nineties, businesses have moved progressively toward greater efficiency. In terms of networking, major issues of the early days such as latency and reliable connectivity are being resolved with Wi-Fi 6 and 7 generations.

These days, the speed of business is part of what ultimately shapes customer satisfaction. So having the fastest network speed possible allows for greater productivity and faster ways to resolve problems or make transactions. The ideal of a seamless network maximizes the potential of business activity, particularly involving multi-user applications.

Not all small businesses need to jump up to speed with the fastest networking, but the firms that depend on fast data transmission should be early Wi-Fi 6 and 7 adopters. National manufacturers and retailers can improve their business models enormously by embracing the new standards. Any business that aims to reach thousands of people needs to consider planning for more advanced networking in the future.


What to Expect from Wi-Fi 7

The Wi-Fi Alliance is the nonprofit organization that oversees the development of all wireless network generations. It claims that Wi-Fi 7 will launch a new era in which wireless networking will allow for super high-bandwidth applications supporting 30 Gbps. This advancement will make everything in the digital world amazingly more seamless, even complex technology such as AR and VR. The earliest rollout for Wi-Fi 7 products is projected by MediaTek to be 2023.

MediaTek corporate VP Alan Hsu said in a press release that Wi-Fi 7 will make 4k calls and 8k streaming seamless. In other words, it will be much easier for businesses to deliver multiple marketing messages to customers around the world. The company announced in January 2022 its team recently conducted its first live demonstrations of Wi-Fi 7 for key customers and collaborators.

One of the interesting aspects of Wi-Fi 7 is that it could make existing cabling obsolete. It could lead to a massive shift to wireless networking environments as the new norm. But it's unlikely the new standard will create massive changes in business infrastructure overnight. Even though the first routers for the new standard are expected to be expensive, early Wi-Fi 7 adopters will have huge competitive advantages.


Technical Features of Wi-Fi 7

Not only will Wi-Fi 7 have wider channels to transmit more data, but it will also support higher Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), which allows for the transfer of data through radio waves. As QAM increases, the coverage range shrinks, which calls for greater signal strength. The leap from Wi-Fi 6 to 7 allows for a 20 percent increase in peak performance.

Multi-link operation (MLO) empowers businesses to combine multiple frequencies across bands in one connection. MLO emphasizes performance efficiency. With a Wi-Fi 7 router, you can connect with a wireless device on two or more channels on the same time. You'll have a backup channel in case something happens with your primary channel, as automation software finds the best channel for delivery.

Automated frequency coordination (AFC) is a modern technology using the 6 GHz band by government agencies such as NASA and the Department of Defense, as well as weather radar systems. AFC keeps 6 GHz activity separated from the government's use of the spectrum, while preventing interference with radars.

Some of the current technologies that support the new standard include OFDMA, MU-MIMO and TWT. It's likely that many of the products that support Wi-Fi 6 will be compatible with Wi-Fi 7. It's important to note that Wi-Fi 6 will not be competing with Wi-Fi 7, as both will coexist as commercial choices.


Future Wi-Fi 7 Products

In order to take advantage of Wi-Fi 7 capabilities, businesses will need to upgrade several devices from routers to smartphones. The first batch of Wi-Fi 7 products will facilitate delivering large volumes of data, such as VR goggles and 8K TVs. One of the reasons many businesses will resist the new standard is that new routers will cost from $500 to $1,500. That's about the same price range for Wi-Fi 6. The combination of Wi-Fi 7 products promises the user a more smooth internet experience with a 4X faster and more stable connection.

Some of the most noticeable examples of Wi-Fi 7 will be experienced in cloud video and gaming. It will particularly be useful for multi-user real-time applications such as online video game competitions. Internet congestion, number of devices and latency will no longer be issues that interfere with online activity. A recurring theme throughout all the Wi-Fi generations has been the greater the bandwidth, the more data can be transmitted at a faster speed.

From a technical standpoint, Wi-Fi 7 can be viewed as wider bandwidth that accommodates significantly more channels. Its 2.4 GHz band encompasses 11 channels of 20 MHz, while the 5 GHz band accommodates 45 channels and the 6 GHz band allows 60 channels. Compared with Wi-Fi 6e, which supports up to 160 MHz of bandwidth, Wi-Fi 7 provides twice as much bandwidth.

In order for Wi-Fi 7 products to maximize efficiency, more computing power will be necessary. It will be crucial for large companies with massive customer bases to upgrade technology to allow for greater distribution and collection of data.


Conclusion

Most businesses are not even ready for Wi-Fi 6, so it may be awhile before Wi-Fi 7 takes off. It's good to know what's up ahead in IT development so you can plan a technology roadmap and an appropriate budget. It helps to consult with tech professionals on upgrading your IT infrastructure.

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Upgrade to WiFi 6
Networking

Are You Ready to Upgrade to Wi-Fi 6?

Everyone understands that faster internet is better, especially for business. The advent of Wi-Fi 6 opens a faster lane to the internet while delivering more efficient performance. Here's a look at what the sixth generation of wireless networking offers for your business.


What Wi-Fi 6 Means

Overseen by the Wi-Fi Alliance while following standards used by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Wi-Fi 6 is the sixth version of wireless fidelity. The first generation of the technology began in 1997, in which multiple devices shared an internet connection. The term "Wi-Fi" is trademarked by the Wi-Fi Alliance, a nonprofit organization. The technology is based on the IEEE 802.11 networking standard, which has evolved this century into Wi-Fi 6, aka 802.11ax.

A major advantage to Wi-Fi 6 is that it can handle transferring large amounts of data over a digital network. It exists on the same carrier frequencies as Wi-Fi 5 in the 2.4 to 5 GHz range. The main difference is the updated standard allows for more efficient allocation of data through multiple channels. Overall, the new standard provides a more seamless online experience.


Better Wireless Performance

For companies that need to regularly transmit large volumes of data online, Wi-Fi 6 will be a noticeable improvement, as it will speed up transmission and reduce latency. The directional antenna's Multiple-in Multiple-out (MIMO) capability provides four times better wireless performance for congested traffic compared with Wi-Fi 5. You can experience latency after a certain number of devices access resources on a Wi-Fi 5 connection, whereas Wi-Fi 6 doesn't have this problem.

Due to greater bandwidth and antenna strength, Wi-Fi 6 simply provides superior wireless coverage than previous versions. The new networking standard allows for smooth data transfer in big data applications. Here are some of the key ways Wi-Fi 6 can improve your business:

  • Enhances service for populated networks
  • Boosts the customer experience through a faster connection
  • Reduces costs for networking and hardware devices
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Why Speed Matters

The fact that Wi-Fi 6 delivers data much faster than earlier wireless networks can increase a company's output significantly. It can lead to faster lead generation and faster decision-making for internal and external problem-solving. Speed particularly matters for organizations that move large amounts of data on a daily basis.

At 9.6 Gbps, the speed of Wi-Fi 6 is nearly triple the speed of Wi-Fi 5, which is 3.5 Gbps. These speeds, though, are theoretical and don't take into account all the factors in real-world scenarios. One of the key advantages to Wi-Fi 6 in terms of speed is that bandwidth can be segmented for multiple devices.

Speed also matters in the way it affects communication. The faster the speed, the less chance of latency, which creates awkward discussions. Communication among team members works better online with fast connections, so Wi-Fi 6 can be thought of as a communication upgrade. Another advantage to Wi-Fi 6 is that it allows routers to send data to several endpoints at once.


Key Wi-Fi 6 Benefits

  • Stronger Security - Wireless networking in general is becoming more secure partly due to encryption.
  • Longer Battery Life - Wi-Fi 6 features put devices to sleep when not in use, which frees up bandwidth.
  • Less Congestion - You are less likely to experience traffic congestion on a Wi-Fi 6 network. A new resource allocation method called Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) helps diversify the load.
  • Greater Support of IoT - With Wi-Fi 6, a company no longer has to worry about a limited number of IoT devices that can access its network.
  • Better Reliability - The reliability of data speed is enhanced with beamforming, which focuses on a signal in a certain pathway.
  • Service More Devices - Spacial streams are becoming important metrics to count. A Wi-Fi router allows for 8x8 spacial streams, creating better service for multiple devices.


Notable Wi-Fi 6 Features

  • Target Wait Time (TWT) - This feature improves network efficiency and battery life of mobile devices. It's useful for organizations that don't need constant connectivity.
  • Basic Service Set - This feature helps firms that require dense network deployments.
  • Quadrature Amplitude Modulation mode - An optional modulation feature that encodes data more efficiently.
  • MU-MIMO - Multiple-User, Multiple-In, Multiple-Out (MU-MIMO) is a process that forms radio signals into beams with the help of several antennas.
  • Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3) - This feature strengthens security.

You might not have heard much about Wi-Fi 6 yet, but you're now informed about where networking is headed. It will help you plan your IT roadmap for the future. You have to upgrade your operation with more reliable and efficient solutions.

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6G Network
Networking

6G Network: Will It Outpace 5G?

Just as society is starting to learn about 5G wireless networks, new ideas are forming for a 6G network. While 5G opened the door to wider and faster bandwidth to accommodate autonomous vehicles and automated tasks, 6G will be more equipped to handle virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and extended reality (XR). Here's a deeper look at what's on the horizon with 6G.


Wider Bandwidth and Higher Speed

The main characteristics of a 6G network, much like 5G, are wider bandwidth and higher speed. Frequency bands will expand to terahertz (THz) with 6G while transmission speed jumps from 20 gigabits per second (Gbps) to 1 terabit per second (Tbps). In the process, latency will be reduced to less than one millisecond, making it a much more reliable connection.

Due to its broader coverage and faster speed, 6G will be more suitable for advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI). Machine learning combined with automation will be an important aspect of this development. It will also facilitate an expansion of big data for factories and cloud-based businesses.


Rise of Extended Reality

Extended reality is the result of combining virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality. Virtual reality simulates the physical world with the use of electronic equipment such as a helmet or goggles. Augmented reality is an interactive experience that replaces physical elements with digital representations. Mixed reality mixes the physical and virtual worlds with 3D interactions.

Although XR can already work on 5G, it will be a greatly enhanced experience with 6G. Its application will be useful in multiple industries such as medicine, media, education and manufacturing. The amount of data that 6G will support allows for virtual face-to-face real-time meetings to seem even more real.

Are you prepared for planning a 6G network? Even if you haven't adopted 5G for your infrastructure yet, it's good to know what's up ahead. Working with technology professionals is the best way to plan a roadmap for your future technology.

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More Expansive Communication

Another benefit of 6G will be how it improves communication. It will be useful in urban and rural areas for transmitting large amounts of data. To make big data more efficient, AI will help speed up the process. Some of the more advanced applications include holographic communication and other forms of 3D technology.

Virtual communications will encompass all five senses, delivering immersive experiences. At its most powerful, 6G allows for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, which can prevent traffic accidents. It may even finally create an environment for domestic robots.


Challenges Ahead for 6G Implementation

One of the biggest challenges facing the development of 6G will be the investment in new technology to facilitate terabit speeds. It will require new cabling that could disrupt the current infrastructure. Much more computing power will be required, so ideally, renewable energy will be part of the mix.

In order for 6G to gain acceptance with significant early adopters, it must deliver high reliability for mission-critical tasks. A key technological challenge will be meeting demand for high-energy consumption with stronger antennae density. Engineers will need to improve battery life of network devices.

Due to the increase in data shared over wireless connections, there will be a greater need to keep up with the most robust cybersecurity. Hackers will have an easier time stealing data from those that don't take cybersecurity seriously.

Another risk factor to consider that could slow down 6G development is the lack of standards set by a governing body. At present, there is no formal entity overseeing the development of 6G. Without standards, there will likely be incompatibility issues.


Where Is 6G Going?

Despite the technological and financial hurdles facing 6G development, there are large players trying to beat competitors at new innovations. The earliest 6G pioneers can expect standards is 2028, according to Samsung. Such a milestone would set up mass commercialization by 2030.

You'll know it's the 6G era when you begin interacting with holograms. Extended reality will no longer be just a novelty and will provide useful functions for various industries. A much greater emphasis and expectation will be placed on the reliability and trustworthiness of technological performance.

Currently, the United States and China are in a race to develop a 6G network. Congress is working on a roadmap for the Biden administration to follow that includes reallocation of the radio spectrum to accommodate 6G functions. This blueprint is being developed with the help of the Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS). The organization aims to fast-track 6G standards by 2024-2025.


Conclusion

Are you prepared for planning a 6G network? Even if you haven't adopted 5G for your infrastructure yet, it's good to know what's up ahead. Working with technology professionals is the best way to plan a roadmap for your future technology.

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